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08 — Words left behind by twenty-nine years

In just twenty-nine years,
how did he leave behind so many words?

Yoshida Shoin was born in 1830 in Matsumoto village, Hagi's castle town, and died in 1859 at twenty-nine, implicated in the Ansei Purge. He led Shokasonjuku for only two and a half years. Yet his students went on to include Restoration leaders such as Takasugi Shinsaku, Ito Hirobumi, and Yamagata Aritomo — and it is said this was because Shoin's own words moved young people regardless of their rank. Here, we have gathered a selection of those words.

Portrait of Yoshida Shoin seated with a book in hand
Portrait of Yoshida Shoin

His best-known line

There has never been a case
of utmost sincerity failing to move others.

松陰
至誠にして動かざるものは、未だこれあらざるなり。
Said to be the core of Shoin's philosophy, a line he returned to repeatedly, drawing on the words of Mencius

This means, roughly, "there is no such thing as a person's heart failing to be moved by the utmost sincerity." Shoin himself explained in these words why so many young people were moved by him, a masterless samurai with neither eloquence nor cunning strategy to his name. The idea that it is sincerity itself, not scheming, that moves people runs consistently through the foundation of Shokasonjuku's teaching.

From the words he left behind

Resolve, learning, action, and people

Eight sayings selected from the letters, memoranda, and prison writings Shoin left behind.

Setting one's resolve
道の精なると精ならざると、業の成ると成らざるとは、志の立つと立たざるとに在るのみ。

Whether one's learning becomes refined or not, whether one's work succeeds or fails — this comes down not to talent, but simply to whether or not one has set a resolve. This is said to be words the seventeen-year-old Shoin gave to a friend who aspired to study medicine.

Setting one's resolve
志士と云ふは即ち道に志すの士なり。

A "man of resolve" (shishi) is one who aspires to the right path. Shoin's own definition of the very word "shishi."

Kindling learning
読書最も能く人を移す。畏るべきかな書や。

Nothing has the power to change a person quite like reading does. Books are truly a thing to be in awe of. A line fitting for Shoin, who valued reading and writing throughout his life.

Kindling learning
一日一字を記さば一年にして三百六十字を得、一夜一時を怠らば、百歳の間三万六千時を失う。

If you write down even a single character each day, in a year you will have 360; if you waste even a single hour each night, over a hundred years you will lose 36,000 hours — words on the great weight carried by small daily accumulations.

Taking the first step
宜しく先ず一事より一日より始むべし。

One should begin with a single task, from a single day. Words urging the first concrete step, before speaking of grand ideals.

Taking the first step
何事もならぬといふはなきものをならぬといふはなさぬなりけり。

There is, in truth, no such thing as "it cannot be done." To say "it cannot be done" is merely to say one has not tried. Said to be words written in a letter to his father and uncle back home.

Facing other people
罪は事にあり人にあらず、一事の罪、なんぞにわかに全人の用を廃するを得んや。

The fault lies in the deed, not in the person. How could a single wrongdoing suddenly render a whole person worthless? Words of tolerance.

Facing other people
人情は困しめば即ち振るひ、得れば即ち怠る。

People rouse themselves when placed in hardship, and grow idle once they have what they want. A line that looks closely at the subtleties of the human heart.

夢なき者に理想なし、理想なき者に計画なし、計画なき者に実行なし、実行なき者に成功なし。故に夢なき者に成功なし。

On a widely known saying. This passage — "without a dream there is no ideal; without an ideal there is no plan; without a plan there is no action; without action there is no success; therefore without a dream there is no success" — is one of the most widely quoted sayings attributed to Shoin today, but scholars are divided on exactly where in his original writings it comes from. We introduce it here for reference, as a line long cherished as emblematic of Shoin's thinking.

October 27, 1859

Before he went to the execution ground

Implicated in the Ansei Purge, Shoin ended his twenty-nine years of life at the Denmacho jail in Edo. Seven days before his execution, on October 20, he wrote a letter to his father, uncle, and elder brother back in Hagi, in which he recorded the following poem.

辞世
親思う心にまさる親心 今日の音づれ何と聞くらん
Yoshida Shoin, from a letter to his father, uncle, and elder brother (October 20, 1859)

The meaning is roughly: "Deeper even than a child's love for its parents is a parent's love for its child — with what feelings will my parents, back home, receive today's news?" It is widely known today as a poem in which Shoin, facing execution, set aside thoughts of ideology and great cause to express his feelings for the parents he was leaving behind in Hagi.

And in his final testament, Ryukonroku, written in his cell as execution drew near, the following line was addressed to his students.

辞世
身はたとひ 武蔵の野辺に朽ちぬとも 留め置かまし 大和魂
Yoshida Shoin, from Ryukonroku ("Notes of a Departing Spirit"), written in 1859 just before his execution

The meaning is: "Though this body may decay in the fields of Musashi, I wish to leave behind, here in this land, the spirit of Yamato." Ryukonroku, which contains this line, is said to have passed into the hands of students such as Kusaka Genzui and, through them, been widely read among the young men of Choshu Domain. Here lies the starting point where words exchanged in a mere eight-mat private academy became, in time, a driving force of the Meiji Restoration that reached far beyond a single domain.

Having read this far

Hagi Historia — that's the tour, for now

People, the voyage abroad, industry, townscape, education, nature and food, highlights, and words. We have walked through eight rooms. Feel free to return to whichever person or page stayed with you.

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